mesrik

NiMH batteries are surprisingly robust.

I've long had Palm Pilot Vx which I bought 2001 and used daily till 2011 when I switched my phone to iPhone 4s. Then I did factory reset and put it back in box it was sold and shelved it. End of January this year I was thinking I need to start clearing up what I've saved and see if would recycle, sell or send something to a museum.

I put Vx charging on its docking thing and left it there overnight (first checking it was not getting any warm) and next day I picked it up to see if it still works. It does, battery status did show full. I fiddled it perhaps almost half an hour and battery status was still full. So I left it on desk and thought to check it daily how long does battery charge last if idle. I think it was fourth of fifth day when change was only perhaps 10% percent. I have no real recollection of how much standby idle days was left after that 10 years in use, it's too long back and I didn't take any notes of it then. Just wrote in note date when I put it back in box.

I'm genuinely surprised that 25 years old darn thing still works, when it had been 10 years in use and then 15 years shelved batteries completely drained.

Now that's something we've lost when moved Lithium batteries, which don't survive being years completely empty. NiMH's just don't care, they seem to sustain capability to charge and keep charge after long periods of time unused.

I've had few NiMH triple-A batteries in use 12 years and I thought that was a stretch, but no. That Vx blew my mind how robust device and it's battery are.

Yes, the autonomy level of these robots was what I was yesterday emailing with my former colleagues we were wondering. Two months ago CNET & PC-Mag posted following video which suggests more about robots movements being assisted by humans. And it also shows Chinese have being edge of the development at that point.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXTibM33SDg

However, then another short video bit alike popped up and is puzzling too.

Apparently Unitree robot is playing pingpong match like a pro. Sorry about german announcer, I couldn't find with english.

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/BgD1ukTyNnw

There is another match viewable by pressing that "Robot plays ping ppng #robot" arrow.

How about that robot? Is it human assisted or not? Our opinions diverted, I'm quite sure it is assisted but my former colleague thinks it's got to be autonomous as it would be too difficult and slow to do that fast movements with remote control assisted robot.

It would be nice to hear opinions about that playing robot too if anyone could provide some insight in that.

edit: I think the serve waiting robot hand movement and after losing wiping left eye gesture as a disappointing a bit in my opinion gives up it's human. Or if not, why would a robot do such a human like gestures.

edit2: OK, good points, I see now. It's definitely a fake. Thanks to all who replied :)

Well it depends, on still using.

I've been mostly using emacs past 30 years ie. about the time when system memory wasn't any more constraint which while single user was about 8MB at least. But I did earn my living before that about 7 years mostly using vi as most usable editor in the system and that 8MB was luxury most of that time.

But even emacs IMHO was and is vastly superior, vi still had it niche fast small edits and especially before log based transactional filesystems. After power outage or bad brownout event system crash there was great chance you got to fixing filesystem with fsck (which did often take lot of time) and worst cases finally debugfs trying to fiddle bits that you get fsck fixing rest.

Bringing system up with old system could be tedious. Before you get system enough up single user mode and just root fs mounted you had to resort you way forward using those modest tools you had there. It was really great if vi did work, but it too required sometimes more memory than you had before swap was active. If not, then ed was your friend, ex is just vi without visual mode.

For a long time vi was also able to edit very large files. It did not require reading whole file in memory before it allowed editing as for example emacs did (or mmap's it memory later).

These days I use vi for quick edits like someone above mentioned and like it more than any later replacement (nano etc) if emacs is not there, not worth installing it for just quick change or when can't install on (embedded) or someone else's system for any reason.

Vi is often available also *bsd based appliances which I've been using like Junos, Netscalers, etc.

Oh, my bad. How didn't I notice my mistake right away. That 25 is grossly wrong, I should have checked before using that. The correct line to get subnets is

  $ sipcalc -s 24 10.0.0.0/8 | grep -c Network
  65536

Which increases significantly global routing table size of course. I apologise my mistake on that matter that I should have noticed before posting.

Anything else I wrote about changing prefix advertisement is correct. You should and need to communicate your advertisement changes in good time to your peers and let them time to make changes.

Also RPKI has been available long time already.

Considering the routing table size has been increasing and IPv6 need anyone shouldn't be running global routing with gear not supporting RPKI any more, the routing polices and announcing those RIR they operate.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Public_Key_Infrastruc...

>or even by normal load from someone deciding to split a /8 prefix into /24's

If that kind of happening directly from load of added 25 routes it's quite hard to believe it.

  # 10/8 prefix here only to show how to get number of new routes added.

  $ sipcalc -n 24 10.0.0.0/8 | grep -c Network   
  25
  $

BGP peering routing policies have then been for the good reason constructed in way that they expect advertisements "exact accept" with a prefix-list with that /8 prefix, because that's is expected when peering is agreed even when not explicitly stated by many. This expected best practice following goal to manage and prevent internet routing table being filled with superfluous routes.

But anyway, sudden change from /8 to 25 x /24 without first noticing your peers and giving them time to change that "exact accept;" to "orlonger accept;" is quite sure footgun if you don't know common principles of network management. But usually that kind of screwup blast radius is local mostly local only to that /8 prefix.

Not sure though how that could be technically avoided in BGP protocol or router control-plane (router OS config) design. Policy filters and best practices how to use them have been set for good reason. Not just to irritate and make things harder than they need to be. We certainly did not do that while I was still working.

Right, something else what could happen with that kind of sudden change is. If that peered had also other peers which had instead "orlonger" in place traffic would then switch to that, what could have some side effects like saturated links, slowness or even increased costs. Too bad, and may happen. But principle is that communicate your routing changes in good time before you actually make the changes. That will prevent most of this kind of problems ever happening to you.

>Using "easy listening" as a pejorative has always baffled me. Why does music need to be difficult?

Yes, I agree with you, it shouldn't and doesn't need to be.

But some things like music be it Jazz or something else isn't always just matter of listening but way of self establishment, way of life living or pursuing life, way how they seeing themselves and communicate themselves to others. I'm not in to this or studying this or anything else, but it's known behaviour model and you find studies if you like to read about it more.

Right, some Jazz aficionados tend to be like hipsters. Who despise and keep unorthodox anything but their likes would grok. A way of self establishment and having reason to keep themselves different. At least a bit better than others. I'm not claiming everybody are, but I certainly have met few of those quick to classify someone things they like.

I find my self like more West Coast Jazz bands and artists performances older I get. And if I'm not completely wrong it might be a more common trend their share has increased over the past ten or so years playing in radio stations too at least where I live.

Yeah, that's true that water thrown to a stove isn't much contained anything but that bathing room. Some of water will of course flow between stones bit deeper, but there is plenty of room to expand when it boils to steam.

Some firm hissing, minor clanking noise from stones is normal and even bit sharper noise when a stone cracks is what water use on stove causes when stones get old and are used lot. Stove should be cleaned periodically when it's cold depending on how much it's been used and there is need to replace stones or even all of them if it's been long time and there is some sand accumulation stove bottom grill or plate, whatever it has to hold stones falling trough. Family houses cleaning perhaps 1/yr and public saunas open 6 am to 8 pm 300 plus days a year, they will do stove maintenance every or every other month.

And yes, getting good amount of steam of course is what's been whole goal in this kind of sauna use and what we prefer. Some other places where they have begun to call it sauna too, they may not even allow to use water nothing but as drinking water and usually they don't warm up that 'sauna' as hot as we tend to do or if they do it's more like Turkish bath type then.

Well, that's about what happens in Sauna with electric stove.

In Finland we do it every day and have done decades already.

Those who may not know electric stoves have been about fifty years common use at least in urban environments. Stoves have anything from three, one in each of three phase current used heating elements (resistor coils) 400V 6-8 kW power draw commonly in small house stoves and 2-3 times that swimming baths saunas stoves.

While sitting topmost sauna benches bathing, we throw fresh water from bucket with a sauna laddle (saunakauha) water to stove(s) anything from small drippings to a pint with trying to little spread it out. This is to get steam and make it pleasant relaxing 'löyly' as we call it.

The stove is usually heated about an hour or so before starting bathing to get temperature somewhere 70°-100°C (158-212°F).

It's not advisable to have stove showing those red hot glowing elements peeking out behind stones, but it does happen if stones were not laid properly. But even if water gets directly to elements those will not break or get any damage as they are made intentionally to resist that.

So boiling water practically immediately does happen, it's not particularly dangerous when applied in circumstances where equipment is made to withstand that is nothing miraculous. And that really happens millions of times each day in Finland and some other places where that kind of sauna culture is practised both at people private homes and also public swimming baths saunas alike.

I will be observing it next time about in 14 hours from this writing as I'm going swimming as usual tomorrow morning at 6:00 am. when pool opens early tomorrow, and then likewise twice more (Wed, Fri). Also once more (Thu) evening sauna reservation slot i've got this flat I live.

There is a quite good english page about Finish sauna in Wikipedia, but to get a glimpse what modern sauna and stoves look Harvia a long time stove manufacturer web pages you get some sense what I'm writing about.

- https://www.harvia.com/en/

Yes traceroute is something where approximate rough estimate where IP perhaps could be as up to ISP level hosting it, but traceorgute isn't usually allowed pass firewalls and seldom reaches target IP on networks where clients really are.

One possibility is BGP advertised and known information like https://www.cidr-report.org provides could be used. But like I wrote commercial GeoIP data providers are not allowed to use WHOIS information from RIR registries. It's their ToS generally prevent it being collected and resold why MaxMind told me that they don't use it.

Thus the LOC information I had updated RIPE DB in our records LOC or any other information there were not used by MaxMind. Or at least that's what they claim. True or not I don't know, but that's what they tell if you ask from them.

Also apparently they did not use LOC records from the organization domain I maintained DNS LOC records either. And I got no answer why nor what they use as their sources of information. As it's more likely some kind of trade secret of them.

A bit late to reply so much longer (10h) I posted my comment. But just for the record here I go.

After reading that RFC8805 here it's what it writes situation at the time of publishing August 2020.

"8. Finding Self-Published IP Geolocation Feeds" and subsequent

The issue of finding, and later verifying, geolocation feeds is not formally specified in this document. At this time, only ad hoc feed discovery and verification has a modicum of established practice (see below); discussion of other mechanisms has been removed for clarity."

and subsequently

"8.1. Ad Hoc 'Well-Known' URIs

To date, geolocation feeds have been shared informally in the form of HTTPS URIs exchanged in email threads. Three example URIs ([GEO_IETF], [GEO_RIPE_NCC], and [GEO_ICANN]) describe networks that change locations periodically, the operators and operational practices of which are well known within their respective technical communities."

I spent also a moment trying to figure out what can I find about its adoption and use and didn't find much of it. Some blog posts, articles and comments to question whether Amazon AWS or Microsoft Azure support it and answers were pretty much nope, no they don't at least yet time of writing last year and this year.

Thus I'm concluding it's unlikely any major source of location information for GeoIP providers like MaxMind. Nope they're not, it's too marginal source for them to spend time on so little used spec yet.

That's a good question.

During 2024 Summer Olympics my then employer which DNS and core network I was still managing as I returned summer holiday. I was told by helpdesk our users around different locations at campus were not able to open national TV broadcaster streaming services and view the games.

I found out by asking few of these users that they got denied claiming to be from UK and that streaming services were not allowed abroad. TV broadcaster told me once I got someone to know anything about the matter reply, that they use MaxMind GeoIP service. So I went to see and test few addresses from MaxMind debug page and that clearly showed many addresses from around 20 subnets of /16 our IPv4 CIDR block were showing the same.

So I sent email to MaxMind support asking why and tried to find out means they use to check where each network is located and populate it to their GeoIP DB, which then clients either mirror or use remotely from their service.

After few emails with their support that they did not use RIPE (RIR) database at all as RIPE terms of use doesn't allow using RIR information for commercial purposes. So MaxMind neither did not apparently use WHOIS (RDAP) LOC records, and wrong information did not update from our LOC records DNS had either.

I never got any explanation how they figure out where that IP or CIDR block is being used. Between the lines I was assuming it's perhaps some kind of trade secret they don't like to talk about. Maybe it's using mobile devices location service or like, but amount these days VPN's are being used that could lead them updating bogus information to database service use they then sell and naive customers trust <eh>.

But most I was surprised by that how easy it was update information, basically just communicating clearly and writing polite convincing message they seemed to take that information pretty much by face value and that I was sending my messages from DNS SOA RNAME address.

But if GeoIP data provicers don't use that then who or what services do, that I still have no idea.

>Unfortunately for HP, its workstations (the ones OP acquired) weren't nearly as popular with universities and developers as Sun Microsystems', so you tended to find HP-UX in commercial production—larger servers, more workload, but smaller numbers

Agreed, the university I worked HP systems cost was the major reason Computing Center Sun was purchased, though we had stray discount price purchased units of almost all vendors too.

We did have one HP 3000/MPE running library VTLS quite long time. I can't remember its exact model any more. But was first 160cm heights rack filling old system and then later replaced with some 9000/E35 matching size smallish (a thick and very heavy PC) size smaller 3000 series box. I did not manage that, but helped its sysadmin with his 9-track autoloader issues couple of times. I would have certainly recycled that tape unit to another use, but it was HP-IB (IEEE 488 / GPIB) connected like whole rack filled with disks all daisy-chained were easy to believe not having been cheap. Too bad it was so hard to get GPIB adapter working with other systems. Those terminals used with MPE having local edit buffer were weird, as was HP Roman character set used. All so well built that was a shame to let the go when VTLS was retired about 30 years ago.

Maths department did have better funding to get few HP-UX running long time. Only HP-UX we had at CC was C160 workstation running OpenView NMS, but that's it.

Yes and commercial side (a telco vendor) I did work customer demanded HP and there were very few Sun servers. It was only used if and when software was not at all available for HP-UX. What I recall Ericsson switching systems tended to come with Sun/Solaris and Lucent 5ESS HP/HP-UX that time.

A friend of mine went SF some conference, I don't recall year. But he came back with HP brand sunglasses which HP gave all visiting their booth and told "Remember, not to look at Sun" :D

Sure it is, if you have installation disks. Those are bog std ISO9660 with rock ridge -overlay extension. Which is just hidden file on CD top directory, which maps those silly uppercase ISO naming conventions with file version, and Linux should be able to mount them without problems.

I do not remember any more if those man files were preformatted and .Z compressed or were there the troff source files and "an" package also. Commercial unicen did have bad habit not to provide sources, so that could be the case.

But if someone have the CD:s then its not too hard to check I believe. Installation files could be packed somehow, like compressed and then cpio or tar inside. That's what I now think those would have been. But I can't remember for sure, its's bit over 25 years when I did work HP-UX last time.

And if I remember correctly HP did ship some printed manuals also with CD's. I have some kind of memory seeing some disks like that, but I never used those. We had paper manuals back then and which were then sent to customer as part of our product. Nor have I any idea which format those documents or whole document CD's would be. Postscript or PDF if we would be lucky, but it could be some proprietary format in worst case.

The Berkeley Automounter Suite of Utilities also known as am-utils did similar arch/platform local and remote mount tweaks commonly quite easily.

https://www.am-utils.org/

The am-utils "amd" known as its running process current use I don't have much to say as I've not much seen it as at least Linux distros have had autofs-tools quite long time. But -90 something am-utils was the thing we mostly used.

Adding: Oh, that made me remember we had then also user mode nfs daemon, which allowed re-exporting remote mounts, which was at times with smaller disks and always looking where to get it more if nothing but temporary storage great help. Current kernel based nfs doesn't support it any more.

HP-UX general support seems it is EOLd by end of this year. Extended, apparently very pricey, support will last till 2028.

It would be nice if anyone having still contacts they could ask if HPE would be willing to relax at least parts of HP-UX, like documentation and let achieve.org take them and let us occasionally check things as rererence how it was HP-UX.

It would be shame if all that work that they did documents were lost and unavailable general public later on.

That is true, sw licenses were a major nuisance. As they usually are. Not just where to get one, but in time, to keep track of those and secure so that proof of purchase was not lost before deployment and include final delivery. HP product codes and major version change product renaming plague were not exactly my favourite part of work!

Many HP-UX boxen (servers) came with default (interactive) multiuser OS licenses. Product differentiation which HP sales loved had license castrated workstations, which came only two user license.

First time I had no clue about this and were wondering why some odd network management software I was installing a server did not restart properly and was causing head scratching. Then I found that logs stated our license was not valid though it had been confirmed valid in other test install.

A HP support guy I knew and saw later told that I had probably to install optional two-user package and then the software will start. Oh, great that it was. But what the heck that two-user license only prevented only two serial line users simultaneously and only systems console was serial that time and everyone else logged in via network. To be sure I made PM check if we still were within license because of that. He told me later yep, no problem there. Just get it done and we're ready deploy it to site.

IMHO, HP-UX had hands down best written man pages I've ever seen any UNIX commercial or free. And I've been working quite many with.

All man pages were well written, nicely formatted easy to read and almost all came with often valuable examples giving quick enough understanding to check usage most often. That has been absolutely the thing that I've missed other *nix systems since.

But there are too many things were done so nicely and made it nice to maintain with HP-UX that it's not worth trying to remember and list all. But unfortunately shell environment was not match to convenience GNU tools Linux had from beginning. That is without making effort to install (read: compile from source for quite long time) those HP-UX if that was allowed. With university computing center that no problem, but telco side it was big nono -- not without getting product owner permission first :/

But just an example Ignite-UX was one of my favourites with HP-UX. The simplicity using a one simple command with few options bootable DAT tape that could then be used to either recover whole running fully functional system or clone that developed system first to staging lab and then up to production with ease was great time saver major upgrades and migrations. None of the Linux bare metal backup systems I've tested have been able to recover exactly same disk layouts, usually LVM part is poorly done. As has been VmWare p2v migration tools also btw.

That Linux LVM that Sistina did first before Red Hat bought them, is implemented quite exactly what HP-UX had for some time then.

>As someone who deals in breach data this is a simple regex to strip out.

Sure it is, but at least you do get later, post leak, a slight chance find out where leak originated.

Data stealers seldom strip out that +extension part before the selling or otherwise dump it somewhere. And while it's passed on, you get to see address as you gave to that party that had leak. Reason seller don't strip of it is perhaps because they sell by number of unique addresses and while +extension usage is quite rare they make more money when they don't strip it off too.

Information where it leaked can be very useful information to pass leaker at least up till point they have announced they know about the compromise happened. I've done that since turn of century too many times I've lost count already and been quite many times the first to get them know that they had a problem there.

And sure I've received thank you emails that I gave them early head-up info about the issue.

It was the "Great to see _some_ 3letter guy into this" underlined some that.

It felt bit like s/some/random/g perhaps would apply when reading it. Intentional or not by writer. It made me long and write my comment. There are many 3letter user accounts, which some are more famous than others. To my generation not because they were early users, but great things what they have done. I'm early user too and done things then still quite widely being used with many distributions, but wouldn't compare my achievements to those who became famous and known widely by their account, short or long.

Anyhow I thought that "djb" ring bell anyone having been around for while. Not just those who have been around early 90 or so when he was held renegade opinions he expressed programming style (qmail, dj dns, etc.), dragged to court of ITAR issues etc.

But because of his latter work with cryptography and running cr.yp.to site for quite long time.

https://cr.yp.to/

I was just wondering, did not intend to start argument fight.

Hah, what a coincidence this post is.

Just last week I had to open first time alarm clock with green 7-segment display. Because I accidentally dropped it while vacuuming and antenna cord broke as it was so firmly under picture frame holding nail. And while open cleaned interior from dust, used greasy PRF to lubricate pots, switches and tuning wheel. If I recall correctly it did have that LM8560 chip in int and with display looked almost exactly what was in subject article inside.

Label on bottom claims: -----------------------------

     Luxor CR 9016
  NOKIA Consumer Electronics 
   International S.A
  (FI)(N)(S)[x] 230V ~ 50Hz
              Battery 9 V
  MADE FOR NOKIA IN CHINA

  -----------------------------

And another smaller sticker

  SERIAL NO.
  9302-00106

I bought -85 before christmas because my then girlfriend told that alarm clock that I've built myself using standalone clock module purchased from a local electronics component store was too ugly for us and had to go. Sure, I took that old one to summer cottage and once I saw this better looking to make her happy. What couldn't a young man do to make is becoming fiancé happy, right.

Q: But why the device is branded Luxor and it's made for NOKIA? A: Because NOKIA bought bit earlier that year (1985) Swedish Luxor consumer electronics. And I guess they did not had yet time redo chassis with NOKIA printed on and this was a still products transition period.

NOKIA was still at that time making also TV sets and was about to bring two years later its first completely new way of implementing analog TV using digital processing chips, which allowed quite nice fieatures like PIP which was great help making VHS recording without ads. I had one of those TV-sets (M-model) and used it about 10 years.

But that alarmclock radio from -85 is still going strong, good shape and it definitely was good purchase about 40 years ago.

e: Sorry about formatting, I tried to find how to format literally, but couldn't find. OK, good enough now.

>Great to see some 3letter guy into this

AFAIK, djb isn't for many "some 3letter guy" for over about thirty years but perhaps it's just age related issue with those less been around.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_J._Bernstein

Anyone else find it odd that C99 strftime() %F and %T equivalents did not make it later revisions ISO 8601 and RFC 3339 ?

https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/chrono/strftime

Man page strftime shows,

%F Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format). (C99) %T The time in 24-hour notation (%H:%M:%S). (SU)

The Op linked page did not recognise these. I tried with the "%FT%T%z" which works fine with date and strftime().

I've probably used %F and %T about 20 years with no issues linux, bsd and mac that I wrote code over the years.

BTW, It would be nice to see some reference or comparison how systems stdlib implementations match with these standards if there is one.

One gripe I've got with RFC3999 and it's not nice to have the semicolon in filename if you intend to use it file or directory name. As it conflicts and easily becoome issue when not quoted while using rsync or any command that thinks colon (:) separates and indicates host name. I'm not sure if colon would cause issues with windows but there is chance it could as it's used indicating device name.

ps. I had to implement many stdlib time.h defined functions my own between -89 - 92 for my then work as Turbo C 2.0 and 3.0/3.1 did not implement these. I recall that last time I touched these and fixed issues was when I got P.J. Plaugers The Standard C Library book when it was brand new -92. When earlier proprietary C-compliers libraries sources had not been available, that Plaugers book was was great help for many :)

AFAIK calling DNS root the "." is quite recent phenomenon.

I'm fairly old guy who did work with DNS about 35 years before retirement and what I recall from the beginning when I was reading my first copy of DNS and BIND somewhat quite soon it came out -92 I think the second chapter which describes DNS root "A null (zero-length" was already there.

So a FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) well known www.google.com the would be www.google.com."" where between the quotation denotes where the DNS root is shown.

However, resolvers don't recognise that syntax. Don't be fooled by

$ host www.google.com.""

www.google.com has address 216.58.209.164 www.google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4026:802::2004

from the shell as it removes those double quotes. Using single quotes around shows how that fails and you can check it easily.

$ host 'www.google.com.""'

Host www.google.com."" not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)

The way I learned to understand it the dot in DNS name is (it signifies) the DNS-tree separator, not part of the DNS name. A bit like in some languages (Pascal) use semicolon (;) a sentence separator not an end of sentence like it's in C and many it's practise adopted later.

OK, here's an excerpt from DNS and BIND by Cricket Liu & Paul Albitz, O'Reilly ISBN 0-596-10057-6, Fifth Edition 2006 book which I still have a printed copy in my shelf and shows what I'm referring above.

Chapter 2: How Does DNS Work, page 12, text after Figure 2-1 they write:

"Domain Names

Each node in the tree has a text label (without dots) that can be up to 63 characters long. A null (zero-length) label is reserved for the root. The full domain name of any node in the tree is the sequence of labels on the path from that node to the root. Domain names are always read from the node toward the root ("up" the tree), with dots separating the names in the path. If the root node's label actually appears in a node's domain name, the name looks as though it ends in a dot, as in "www.oreilly.com." (It actually ends with a dot—the separator—and the root's null label.) When the root node's label appears by itself, it is written as a single dot, "", for convenience. Consequently, some software interprets a trailing dot in a domain name to indicate that the domain name is absolute.

An absolute domain name is written relative to the root and unambiguously specifies a node's location in the hierarchy. An absolute domain name is also referred to as a fully qualified domain name, often abbreviated FQDN. Names without trailing dots are sometimes interpreted as relative to some domain name other than the root, just as directory names without a leading slash are often interpreted as relative to the current directory.

... "

I don't have old book copies any more, I've just this one with me.

Hi Ken,

Nice article. While reading I remembered that I watched some time ago the Oral History of Gary Davidian and he was quite bit involved with microcoding. And if I were you I would try asking him if he could be able to give you some ideas where to get more information about microcode workings and development.

Here are links to that interview, if you have time to watch it. It's in two parts.

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_Go9D1kLNU

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVEKt_H3FsI

Cheers,

:-) riku

By far most nuisance for me has been that Linux distros that ship with wheel GID different than it's BSD side 0 (zero). Debian hasn't been shipping with wheel group by default, but Red Hat and many its descendants it's GID 10.

The macOS and BSD's don't ship with root group, Linuxen either doesn't ship with wheel group or it's GID mismatch what's on BSD side.

The difference will cause issues and system tools misbehaving. Bit different if NAS is BSD based and using NFSv4 or newer, since user and group mapping is based names and not any more ID values they were earlier. But NFS GID mapping does not work properly whichever NFS is used, it's just different kind of misbehaving.

This can be fixed linux (debian etc, missing), add "wheel:x:0:" line /etc/group, right after root group. And with Red Hat based changing that GID 10 to 0.

Of course then /etc/idmap.conf the usual " [Mapping]

Nobody-User = nobody Nobody-Group = nogroup

[Translation] Method = nsswitch "

Is worth checking also.

The rationale adding secondary GID 0 "wheel" after first original root GID 0 is that, if you check how std nix tools work, when those look up by name they will use GID what's set there, and when they look up by GID they quit looking after they find matching first value that was found.

Therefore above solution works both ways, and your NFS shares from BSD's always shows correct value and correct group name that matches the value. I think I've learned this workaround about 30 years back now.