In terms of breakthroughs in recent years, some things I'd point to would BALD (https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.5745) and its applications in deep learning as well. There has also been progress in coreset methods (https://openreview.net/forum?id=H1aIuk-RW).
I think that you're right that it used to be much to hard to get active learning to work. Part of what we're trying to do is make it easy enough that its worth the benefits.