techas

> How many academic scientists end up being buried in managing science, particularly seeking funding?

Today?? 100% of successful scientists.

Off topic. Could you recommend an ide to work with c++?

Period?

There is a “don’t play this artist” option. With a coarser granularity they have the “unlike” information.

This is getting common. Airmail did the same not long ago…

A matrix can be seen as the discrete representation of a function…

Very nice site!

Although, many links to data are broken, that is very frustrating...

Airmail

If space works as a balloon then the growth happens in all the volume of the universe (not just on the “boundary”). Is that how it works? Doesn’t that imply that we are getting “bigger”?

Blindsight by Peter Watts is a fiction novel with pretty interesting ideas on consciousness. In the book, consciousness is presented as a error during evolution, with no added value for species to survive. I find that idea quite disturbing and extremely interesting!

My family at the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires run out of water during Sunday. Cell phones where working intermittently.

I agree. Check this: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minitel

Indeed. Some people believe these “unshielded” periods might had some influence on the evolution of the species. Without those, the rate of change is just not enough to get to humans...

Why? I don't follow your idea. Could you explain?

I'd say It differently. Intelligent? Yes Conscious? Probably not.

Does intelligence imply life? I'd say no.

Actually, its best use could be to remove at once all stuff sitting on my desk :)

Its mainly scientific.

Plate tectonics theory was born by looking at the ocean floor. During second world war, in the Atlantic, there was huge effort by both parties to obtain good quality maps of the ocean floor. This was to drive/combat the german U-boats. In addition, "new" sensitive magnetic devises were developed to detect large bodies of steel (e.g. submarines). After war (during 50's and 60's) these new data came out and researchers found several striking features: first, the ocean basis were not deeper in the middle but, on the contrary, were deeper just by the continents. In the middle they found a mountain chain that goes from pole to pole with an average height os 5000m (over seafloor, still submerged). Actually this is the larger mountain chain on Earth.

Second, they found that seafloor rocks have a permanent magnetization. This is not surprising giving their composition, but the ming blogging feature is that this magnetization has a clear pattern of stripes parallel to the mid Atlantic mountain chain.

These two observations, that didn't fit at all with the theories of Earth evolution of the moment, were the main triggers of the new Plate Tectonics theory. Nowadays, despite there is little doubt on how the Earth and oceanic plates behave, it is not clear how is the exact mechanism driving tectonic plates.

The thermal state of tectonic plates, hot at the mid oceanic ridge and cold near continents, explains the observed bathymetry. Nevertheless there is no agreement in the geophysical community on how this cooling happen. The first order is absolutely clear, but if you go to the details two theories compete to explain observations (the so called "half-space cooling" vs. "Plate Model"). Detailed bathymetry is key to distinguish which one is closer to what happen in Nature. We need better observations that the currently available to advance in our understanding.

Spectral methods [1] are FE-like methods with non-zero basis functions over the whole domain. Indeed they produce full matrices. [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_method

1) Porosity is the ratio of the volume of openings (voids) to the total volume of material. Porosity represents the storage capacity of the geologic material. On the other hand, permeability is a measure of the ease with which fluids will flow though a porous rock. Although a rock may be highly porous, if the voids are not interconnected, then fluids within the closed, isolated pores cannot move. This situation is commonly found in nature and represents a challenge for the extraction or the injection in reservoirs.

Nevertheless, I have no idea of the porosity level that could exists at those depths.

2) At 700km depth pressures are of order 21 Giga Pascals (~207000 atmospheres) and temperatures about ~1900ºC. Water is not the water we know at these conditions, it is a supercritical fluid. The line separating liquid and gas phases ended at much lower temperatures.

"Lunar meteor showers have turned out to be more common than anyone expected"

what does that mean? Is there more stuff flying through space than we thought? Does this have some consequence in the odds of hitting something in space?

How is this king of simulation handled numerically? This is out of the scope of floating points..

Because the rocks extruded in a volcano suffer a lot of changes during its way up. Moreover, a mantle rock is composed by many different minerals. When temperature goes up, some minerals melt first. So, you expect the extruded magmas to be enriched in those minerals. The extruded rocks are not sampling the mantle properly. Of course they provide tons of information, but is not the same as having a fresh mantle rock.

The mantle is solid rock. In some special environments (mid-oceanic ridges, subduction zones, etc) you can expect to have some percentage of melted mantle rocks, but this is not the general case. We know that the mantle is solid because it can transmit shear seismic waves.

"If you plot their metabolic rate against their mass on a log-log graph, you get an absolutely straight line"

Anything in a log-log plot is a straight line!

"Currently [cities] are growing exponentially. Every week from now until 2050, one million new people are being added to our cities."

That's linear, not exponential.

I guess they are trying to go on this direction: http://www.executablepapers.com/