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yaakov34

2,868 karma · joined November 29, 2010

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yaakov34··on A chess position to defeat computers?
That would lose - it would not be a stalemate, no matter where the bishops are, since white has pawn moves; and starting with the next move, black would begin checking white and will quickly checkmate.
yaakov34··on A chess position to defeat computers?
Forward for black pawns is down, in a standard chess diagram; white's side of the board is at the bottom.

So black pawns have no legal moves, while the white pawns could move (the topmost pawn) or capture either of the black rooks, although this would be disastrous for white, as the black pieces would then be able to leave their position and would checkmate white in a few moves.

yaakov34··on A chess position to defeat computers?
The position nearly plays itself - none of the black pieces except the bishops have any legal moves, so if white moves his king around, without capturing anything, a draw will result by the 50 move rule (the bishops can't mate the king, since they won't control any light squares). For black, the play is even more automatic, since moving the bishops back and forth on the dark squares is the only legal option.

I do think that a computer will play this correctly for both black and white; for white, a capture will result in a checkmate within a few moves, which the computer will be able to see. So this may result in incorrect computer evaluation, but not in incorrect play.

yaakov34··on Russia Requires Apple and Google to Remove LinkedIn from Local App Stores
These laws join other laws, the so-called anti-terrorist package from August 2014, which require service providers (defined very broadly to include such things as social networks and ISPs) to provide user data to the authorities upon request. If the server is physically in Russia and controlled by some Russian subsidiary, it is much harder for a company to evade such an order.

Few people even bother to pretend that this is about anything other than closer control of Russian internet users by the Russian authorities. There is a weak spin about protecting the data of Russian users from foreign governments by placing it within Russia, which makes zero sense, since nothing prevents an American company from giving user data from its Russian server to the American government.

And before someone says that the US does the same thing, note that something like 1000 people have already been imprisoned in the Russian Federation over various online comments and posts, and even Facebook likes. The fact that the US violates privacy also doesn't mean that it's all the same thing.

yaakov34··on Die photos and analysis of the revolutionary 8008 microprocessor, 45 years old
A subverted FPGA could contain a whole different circuit which turns on based on whatever condition desired (timer, radio command, data pattern seen by the FPGA) and takes over the function of the FPGA in whatever way the subverter intended. As the post to which you are replying said, for good effect, the designer of the subverted circuit would need to know the function the FPGA is performing in your device and design a custom circuit for it. This is possible e.g. by examining the first batch of your devices, and inserting a subverted circuit in your supply chain for subsequent batches. Certainly a lot of trouble to go to, but it's possible theoretically, and people have been writing about the possibility.

Now, the FPGA is not necessarily an ideal place to insert your circuit; personally, I would put it in something like one of those flat ribbons which connect components inside so many devices, or a socket - they may have access to all the bus pins of the gadget, and they will be less conspicuous. I don't think 3D printing is the answer to this, since too many things would have to be 3D printed.

Now, I don't know how I would go about protecting from such attacks, or if this is even a real-life concern right now, but I would think that some kind of automated high-resolution X-ray imaging and analysis technology would be a more realistic direction.

yaakov34··on Die photos and analysis of the revolutionary 8008 microprocessor, 45 years old
Sure. FPGAs, or any IC, could contain subversive/backdoor hardware placed there by a sophisticated actor. For that matter, so could ostensibly passive components like connectors, ports, flat ribbon cables... now that we have sophisticated circuits that can be powered by stray magnetic waves (RFID and its advanced friends), so can components not connected to power, such as cases, clips, screws. It is a fascinating thing to think about, actually, and I don't see how 3D-printing every single thing around you is a realistic solution.

And considering that regular color printers (inkjet and laser) have all been backdoored for ages - they print mostly invisible constellations of dots into every page which identify the individual printer - I would say that backdooring a "silicon printer" is also a definite possibility.

yaakov34··on Die photos and analysis of the revolutionary 8008 microprocessor, 45 years old
You can easily replicate a 4000-transistor microprocessor with the lowest-end FPGA for a few dollars - cheaper than any 3D-printing process for silicon that I can imagine. It would, of course, also be reprogrammable, making it very cheap for prototypes and experiments.
yaakov34··on Usenet Computer YArchive
Norman Yarvin's contribution is to pull these good articles out of years of discussions which he followed, usually taking them out of threads with many comments and varying subjects, and to present them sorted by subject matter. It would take a huge amount of effort to duplicate that. Sure, you could find these articles with a search on some archive, but they would be found among thousands of hits of, putting it very mildly, rather lower value. Yarchive is a very valuable site.
yaakov34··on We Won’t See Hard AR Anytime Soon (2012)
Not really. At least not in the simple way of having an LCD screen somewhere near the eye blocking out light from an object in a certain direction by interposing a black pixel. It seems like it should work, but it would be exactly like putting some paint on a camera lens and expecting it to block out that exact part of the picture; it won't - the lens will simply get dimmer, or if the area of paint is large, there would be darkening - vignetting - of a part of the image, with a diffuse boundary; but nothing like a sharp mask.

You can easily convince yourself that this won't work for an eye. Of course, you can use your finger to block out any object - as long as you hold your finger well away from your eye. Now take a match, and try to block out objects by holding it a centimeter in front of your eye; it doesn't work - you will see a diffuse slightly darkened area, but all objects will be visible.

yaakov34··on How Doctors Die (2011)
I actually don't disagree with that, although the statistics will vary depending on the population served by this particular hospital (e.g. hospital near a ski slope which sees a high number of relatively healthy people who collapsed due to an accident or hidden medical issue will probably have better rates).

Unfortunately, the "median" resuscitation call, in my own experience, is for something like "77-year-old cancer patient who is unconscious". We get there and see that there is no pulse, we have to go through the motions if there is no DNR order, but everyone knows it's hopeless, since it's not like we can cure cancer while we do chest compressions. Sometimes we can get a pulse back, but we know - although not "officially" - that the patient will be pronounced dead at the hospital within a few hours. Now I will say one thing here - it is often easier for the family to go through this process, since they can feel that "they've done everything till the very end", although from the point of view of medical practice it would be better to have a DNR order; that's really the type of situation that these orders are for.

But to reiterate - if you don't actually have disease that you know of, I would personally recommend giving yourself a chance, like that guy with the pneumothorax got. it's up to you, of course.

Though I would say that a living will is probably more useful for most relatively healthy people than a DNR order, since you can end up in a situation in which you are unable to function without any resuscitation being involved. I think a lot of the people commenting in this thread are really thinking of these more long-term situations, rather than resuscitation, which is an on-the-spot decision.

yaakov34··on How Doctors Die (2011)
My opinion is not valuable, since I don't know the laws in your jurisdiction. Since, in order to have a proper DNR order in your jurisdiction, you probably need to talk to a doctor, you should just ask them what the requirements are. Again, in New Jersey, what you say will be sufficient, and you can even have a DNR bracelet which is accepted without any further documents, but it's not just some bracelet which says "DNR", it is a non-removable hospital-type bracelet of an official design which has the name of the physician on it, if I recall. What I am trying to discourage is people engraving "DNR" on whatever bracelet or necklace they have, or tattooing it on their chest, without consulting a doctor or getting a proper order or anything else. This will generally not be sufficient, although, again, I don't know for your country or state or town specifically.

EDIT: Let me just add that for most people, a living will is really what they want when they think of preventing lingering in the ICU. A living will can say, for example, that in case you become unable to function, and your condition will not improve according to your doctors, you do not wish to be placed on a respirator, or have feeding tubes inserted, or to be resuscitated. (Of course you should consult advisers to put this together.)

A living will is not the same as a DNR order; it is more general. I think for most people it doesn't hurt to have it. On the other hand, walking around with a DNR order on you, if you are a person without a known great risk for cardiac arrest, is kind of pointless, IMO. You may, after all, become incapacitated in ways that do not involve cardiac arrest (like traumatic head injury or stroke).

yaakov34··on How Doctors Die (2011)
Yeah, as a former volunteer EMT, I'd like to ask you not to do this. The rules vary by country and by state in the US; e.g. I can tell you that in New Jersey as of 10 years ago, there was a standard document (DNR order) which needed to be signed by the doctor and the patient or the legal guardian, which needed to be available to the EMS crew. In any case, I haven't heard that anywhere, a tattoo or bracelet or necklace is legally sufficient, although it may be in your jurisdiction.

You'd be putting the EMS crew in a very tough spot: believe me, nobody wants to do pointless resuscitations on people who don't want them, but there are usually very specific policies and laws about when an EMS crew can stop or not attempt resuscitation, and if they aren't met, it's really hard for me to see how an ambulance crew can follow your (apparent) wishes.

On a more positive note, I don't think that DNR orders make sense for people without advanced disease, or who are not elderly and in poor health. For the healthier people, an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is more likely to be caused by something like blood loss in an accident or by electric shock, or by relatively fixable arrhythmias and heart disease. I don't see a reason to prevent the emergency crew and the hospital from giving you a chance.

yaakov34··on Homeopathy 'treatments' must be labelled to say they do not work, US gov orders
In addition to everything said, please don't take homeopathic drugs on the theory that "at least it's harmless." This usually happens when people try to please someone (parents, friends) by "just trying" homeopathy. I made the mistake of doing that, and it was definitely not harmless - the "medicine" contained strong allergens which not only caused hives, but resulted in the acquisition, for a few years, of allergies I never had before - apparently this can happen with sensitization caused by strong allergens.

The homeopathic "doctor" was delighted. You see, the other thing in homeopathy, apart from the belief in water memory, is the concept of most disease as a type of itch ("psora"), which can erupt through the skin ("psora miasm"). No, really, I didn't make that up, you can (with some difficulty) find this stuff with Google. Since like cures like, allergens such as poison ivy, which cause skin rashes, are thought to be curing internal disease, and some homeopathic medicines are full of them, and are used as a complement to the super-diluted ones. Stay away from that whole swamp.

yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
I am not sure what it is for which you want sources. Statements such as "NASA turned to Margaret Hamilton to develop the Apollo software" are absurd; Margaret Hamilton describes being hired onto the project around 1963-1964 rather than resuming her studies at Brandeis; here's one link: http://futurism.com/margaret-hamilton-the-untold-story-of-th.... The AGC project was well under way; which is why people were being hired to join it. Her job was in the COLOSSUS group; she describes herself thus (http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/a...):

"Then, because I was still a beginner, I was assigned responsibility for what was thought to be the least important software to be developed for the next mission. I was the most of the beginners; I mean, I was the first junior person, on this next unmanned mission."

I think it's fair to say she was not "in charge" of things for a while. She was gradually given more responsibility and eventually became the director of COLOSSUS development; Dan Lickly gave her that job. This couldn't have happened until close to the end of COLOSSUS development (it was frozen at the end of 1966, she was "a beginner" in 1964), and I think it was actually after the freeze. She still held the job of COLOSSUS lead programmer in March 1969. She did not become head of program development until Dan Lickly left; which is exactly what she says. This happened after the Apollo 11 flight. Software development was largely complete. So she was not in charge of the team that developed the AGC software while that happened. OK?

I am not saying "she did not contribute" or anything else. I don't know where you got that from what I wrote.

yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
I didn't say she did not contribute to the software. I said that she was in charge of program development after the software was frozen, not that she showed up after it was frozen. And minor (but important, since the software was so fragile and critical) changes were still being made after the freeze.

Confirmation that she was still not program development director as of March 28, 1969 (which was only a few months before the Apollo 11 flight, with the software in pretty deep freeze) can be found in the header of the listing of said software.

yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
The distance from the that statement to "NASA turned to mathematician Margaret Hamilton, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to pioneer and direct the effort" is greater than from the Earth to the Moon. The fact that Margaret Hamilton wrote code for the AGC, and led programmers who wrote code for the AGC, is not in question. However, she reported to, and worked under the direction of, several people who were in charge of developing these programs, among whom David Hoag correctly mentions Frederic Martin, George Cherry, and Dan Lickly. Her period of being the head of program development started after the software was complete.
yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
I can do one better; the source code itself, which has been scanned (https://github.com/chrislgarry/Apollo-11), lists Margaret Hamilton as "COLOSSUS programming leader" - COLOSSUS being the command module software - as of March 28, 1969, reporting to Dan Lickly - Director of Mission Program Development, i.e. in charge of software development at this point, and Richard Battin - Director of Mission Development, who was basically the technical lead of the AGC project at that point. There are also some other senior scientists on the approver list, but those two are the senior software leaders. So Margaret Hamilton was not in charge of the software development team as of March 1969 (she was still in charge of the COLOSSUS module), and in fact not until Dan Lickly left the project, which I think happened around the Apollo 11 flight.

It should be needless to point out that the AGC software was complete and frozen at this point, although bug fixes and some minor features made it in.

This doesn't stop misinformation from appearing all over the place, e.g. Wikipedia says "Details of these programs [LUMINARY and COLOSSUS] were implemented by a team under the direction of Margaret Hamilton", but this is false, as we've seen - LUMINARY, the moon landing software, was frozen while Hamilton was still on the COLOSSUS project. Also, if you root around the history of COLOSSUS itself - which I did at some point - you'll see that Margaret Hamilton became its programming leader in 1968, after COLOSSUS was complete.

yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
Well, if you wanted to find examples of misinformation that needs to be corrected, you've certainly succeeded, since several of these press releases make the mistaken syllogism "Margaret Hamilton led the software team" & "the software team developed the software" -> "Margaret Hamilton led the development of the software". But this is false because of the timing - Hamilton did not lead the team while the team was developing the software.

And the statement from the last link:

"At the start of the Apollo program, the onboard flight software needed to land on the moon didn’t exist. Computer science wasn’t in any college curriculum. NASA turned to mathematician Margaret Hamilton, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to pioneer and direct the effort."

... is just jaw-dropping in how false it is. That simply didn't happen. NASA couldn't have possibly been aware of Margaret Hamilton at the time they decided to rely on MIT for Apollo guidance; she didn't join the project until several years later, and in a small role.

yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
Yes, the article states that "Apollo 11 ran her software", which I consider to be a false statement; and many other articles explicitly give her credit for designing or writing the Apollo software. I think writers make that mistake in good faith, since they don't know the timeline of development. And it's not so much that she "relied on the real key people" - she was not a major figure of the development phase of the Apollo software, and certainly did not lead it; Richard Battin and Dan Lickly led the development, and the latter handed the leadership of the software effort over to her as he left the project - but this was after the development itself was over.

I am not at all trying to minimize her accomplishments, which included being responsible for the software work, such as release, integration, and debugging during most of the actual flights. However, a lot of people, basically just because of lack of knowledge, give her credit for leading the development or writing of the software as well, which is incorrect.

yaakov34··on Grace Hopper and Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom
It should be pointed out, just for balance, that Margaret Hamilton was appointed to be the head of MIT's Apollo software team long after the software was frozen; she was still a junior programmer on the project when the command module software was frozen in the 1966-67 timeframe (she became the head of the command module software development after that), and she became the head of the overall software program sometime in 1969 after the software was complete, and key people (such as Dick Battin) moved on to other things. Obviously it is still a major accomplishment to be responsible for release engineering and integration for something this mission critical, but in the media, I often see references to Margaret Hamilton somehow having "written" or "designed" or "lead the team" which made the Apollo software, which is just false.
yaakov34··on Whatever happened to Japanese laptops?
Yeah, the Man has been busy keeping you down, hasn't he?

I appreciate your offer of friendship, but since this morning, after a conversation with the neighborhood not-quite-right-in-the-head lady, it would appear that I am getting all the crazy douchebag cultural immersion that I could possibly want. But thanks anyway.

yaakov34··on Whatever happened to Japanese laptops?
Guess what - you can't tell us what to do, any more than you can order Fujitsu's management to appear before you and testify. Not being the dictator of the universe is very unpleasant, but most of us have learned to live with that by the age of 3. And if you think I've been commenting here specifically for your edification, that's wrong too.

As for being downvoted and needing a new account - I personally never care enough any more to get involved with that, but yeah, that's a good guess by the time after the West Coast wakes up, so have fun with that.

yaakov34··on Whatever happened to Japanese laptops?
You seem to want answers at a level that only the engineers at Fujitsu (not Toshiba, according to the OP) can provide. I can comment on some of the specific questions, but obviously I don't know what went on at Fujistsu.

1) The final development PCBs (the engineering validation articles) are actually identical to the production PCBs. Your final EV revision becomes revision 0 in production; only the manufacturing method changes. So the prototype floor definitely has the ability to make production-quality PCBs.

2) The design change may or may not be complicated. Adding a port typically refers to a port already supported by the chipset; so you add a ribbon connector for it and change the layout only.

3) You generally wouldn't have full pick-and-place automation for making prototypes. There are manual tools (sort of semi-automated) for making a few PCBs. A large company is making prototype PCBs all the time. They know how to do it, and they don't stop manufacturing for it.

4) For the case, the easiest would be to rework an existing case (add a slot). Creating custom injection molds is kind of a big deal. Then again, if Fujitsu does that in house, maybe not that big. Don't know.

5) The expense would not involve a cash outlay, but it would definitely involve diverting engineering, manufacturing and sales resources to even communicate and deliver this whole thing, let alone make it. The engineers may have been pulled off something, or may have been waiting for work; business hasn't been that great for most manufacturers, if you haven't noticed. No, I don't know how Fujitsu accounts for this or why they made the decision to go ahead. I am not a manager at Fujitsu. I can tell you that most companies are very loathe to let prototypes and one-offs to leave their hands at all. So it's definitely impressive on Fujitsu's part that they would go to that length.

yaakov34··on Whatever happened to Japanese laptops?
And you think that someone from Fujitsu (where it's 8 in the evening, BTW) is going to jump in here and explain their factory layout to you, because you've put your foot down? The best general answer you are going to get is "They made it using whatever process they used to make prototypes. Probably". You want names, ranks, and serial numbers - try writing to Fujitsu. Preferably while being more polite.
yaakov34··on Whatever happened to Japanese laptops?
In most manufacturing, you have a prototype hall or floor where you have somewhat more general purpose/flexible machines with a lot of manual intervention to make small quantities of prototypes, and factories with automated machines set up to make the exact parts you need for your full production.

This was always my experience in electronics - you, as the development engineer, set up small-scale production (going from prototypes to EV or engineering validation articles, which are basically the final product produced by these manual/slow methods), and then manufacturing engineers work with you to transfer your processes to an automated assembly line making who knows how many units a minute.

It's not unusual to produce a special prototype in the small/experimental floor; I mean, Apple probably goes through hundreds (or whatever) of prototypes and test articles before releasing their next phone, and they are certainly not stopping their million-per-day manufacturing plants to make them. However, it does show impressive commitment to the customer on the part of Fujitsu.

Also, electronics is more cyclical than cars (3-year-old model may be completely different and useless compared to the current one), so it is common to produce everything in batches rather than "the Toyota way" with just-in-time. In other words, if a laptop model is sold for 2 years, the whole run may have been made in 6 months, and then you have that manufacturing equipment sitting idle while the next prototype is worked on, so you may have equipment and engineers to spare. Only a few of the highest-volume factories (e.g. Apple again, I assume) run at full capacity all the time.

yaakov34··on Twitter beats estimates, cuts jobs with eye on 2017 profitability
That's revenue for the quarter. $640k revenue per employee per year is not bad. They do seem to be spending it wastefully if they can't turn a profit.
yaakov34··on Concorde
2 tons of fuel cost around $2000 (obviously this would vary, but that's the sense of it), a single seat on the Concorde cost $6000+ one-way towards the end of its service. Apparently the economics of a) retrofitting an auxiliary power unit to the Concorde so that it could be towed with engines off and b) adding personnel to the ground crew for towing the airplane did not make sense. And even if the airline cared greatly about the environmental impact, 2 tons for a few Concorde flights is a tiny fraction of even a single airline's fuel usage.
yaakov34··on Immunotherapy cancer drug hailed as 'game changer'
It's a very big improvement, relative to most cancer treatment advances, assuming it holds up and produces at least temporary remissions for these patients. "Previously treated advanced cancer" means widespread metastatic cancer that has already shown resistance against current therapies. Basically, this is end-stage cancer, with next to no options for the patients. If a treatment approach has been found, it will be extended to more patients and improved. Of course, they won't just rest on their laurels.

Most advances in cancer treatment (which have together added many years to the lives of cancer patients) are actually much smaller than this: a few weeks added to life expectancy here and a small improvement to the survival rate there. But they steadily add up.

yaakov34··on A pilot who stole a secret Soviet fighter jet
True, and electrostatic discharge from your finger is no joke - it can be tens of kilovolts and carries significant, if not huge, energy. However, a discharge like that going right into a very small device, and the actual die of the transistor is tiny, is very different from interference/EMP damaging said device, where the small size actually offers protection. After all, a completed transistorized device from the 1950s is not vulnerable to static discharge - otherwise, you couldn't pick it up. With everything connected to ground where it should be, it is quite robust.
yaakov34··on A pilot who stole a secret Soviet fighter jet
Like I said - people say this all the time, but a lot of vacuum tube equipment did die in EMP testing (in the USSR in 1964), and I don't see why vacuum tubes should be less vulnerable than solid state electronics to either short or long pulses (nuclear EMP contains both). A glass vacuum tube will pick up orders of magnitude more interference than a small transistor sitting inside its grounded metal can (and it's weight-prohibitive to build a metal shield around all your vacuum tubes), and the high voltage induced can damage either the vacuum tube itself, or something else inside the device. Unfortunately, very little has been published on this (although we do know that militaries test their modern solid-state devices with EMP, and they generally pass), and any online search produces a deluge of statements to the effect of "vacuum tubes are impervious to EMP" without anything to back that up. If there was ever a direct test of vacuum tubes vs. solid state, that would be very interesting to find.
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