Actually Joe Sugarman (the marketer who made the usage of 1800 toll free numbers in ads popular) tested this out a couple of decades ago for his entire company.

Doesn't matter if people have organized desks or chaotic desks. Doesn't matter if they have a minimalistic desk or a cluttered one. Just follow one rule: shut down everything before you leave for the day.

At the end of the day, everything should be in its proper place. You can't have 3 folders open on your desk - they have to be closed and put in its place on the shelf.

That one rule gave a tremendous boost to employee productivity.