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> "That seems to describe memory editing plus "edit and continue", which is distinct from record&replay and reverse execution."

Sounds more like IntelliTrace to me (if you're not familiar with it, it's worth mentioning it's only available in Visual Studio Ultimate).

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd572114.aspx

Step 2 was explicitly stepping backwards i thought. The rest was just a continuation of what the ability gives you and what I often do after stepping backwards to observe the execution.

rr works for C++/C code too?

Yes.

To expand on the monosyllabic sibling answer, rr is completely language agnostic because it works at the level of machine code, (ab)using platform features like performance counters to do its thing. It should basically work for every x86 and x86-64 program you can debug with gdb, no matter which language(s) it was compiled with.