It sounds like he's older. It's sad but there's a very good chance he's an adult making the same mistakes as his parents did. I hope he's not, but I know it can be nearly impossible to break out of that cycle on your own.

She was lucky to be young enough to foster and adopt, have an unusual amount of self awareness and someone in her life that would step in to act as the foundation and example for her life as an adult. Missing even one of those and who knows how it would have turned out for her.