If you'd want to use two-factor authentication by verifying access to the mailbox, you have to make sure that that (the connection to) the mail box is safe as well, which can potentially be very hard.
The mailbox still is a safe, but only from the moment that the mail has been sent to the moment the page has been requested. Mind that a safe connection to your mailbox does not also mean a safe connection to the server, but that is something that is covered by https+certificates (mostly).