Why? Because writing and signing a contract is expensive, for both the contractor and the government. So contracts are typically written in a way to make them very easy to extend, and existing contracts are often used as vehicles to tack on additional funding for new contracts. The original contracting agency would also usually charge a fee to the other agencies for use of their contract in this way.
So, this kind of glance at individual awards under a single contract is really too simple a view. A lot of these funds could be (and from my guess, probably are) going to completely independent projects from the randomizer.
TL;DR: Having multiple awards under a single contract is typically a sign of the government working around bureaucracy and attempting to save costs.