I've often wondered if this is a vulnerability in all kinds of services. Try to log in to some website with the wrong password and you're probably giving them your Facebook password by accident.
Personally, I place a lot of faith and trust in Google so I don't think they'd store failed password attempts about me (I've already volunteered them more information about me than I would volunteer to my own elected representatives anyway). If I ever realized I made a mistake the other way round, I'd reset the password to my Google account even though it has 2FA.
It wouldn't surprise me if they're storing failed attempts at all. More data to feed the machines.
$ passwd --statusPassword age is kept in /etc/shadow, not /etc/passwd.
So the passwd command is (needs to be) setuid.
Redhat generally limits what setuid programs can do.
Probably sensible.