Don't forget prions. They survive temperatures above 120C and also alcohol and remain infectious. (Hydrogen peroxide and alkalis seem too work, but see [1] because I really know nothing of the science of sterilization.)
Sterilization protocols need to be followed to ensure that one patients prions don't infect another surgery patient. It turns out that relatively recent concerns over transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, caused by prions, has required changes to the sterilization procedures used in hospitals.