Putting a price on carbon isn't much of a market mechanism. I'm not saying I'm opposed to the idea but it seems like you're putting lipstick on what many see as a pig.
But, even ignoring politics, people have estimated the effects of climate change so it's possible; but there's going to a spectrum of answers.
Taxation is not a market-based mechanism. You'd also have to implement prohibitive duties to avoid importing the problem.