While I think you're close, the war example is not fitting unless people are forced to go to war. If they decide to do go to war voluntarily, then it's IMO partly their fault.

Probably a better example is CEOs who get big bonuses if the company goes well but will get a good pension and other benefits ("golden parachute") if they are fired after a few months because of bad performance. It's kind of win / win for them, so a loss for everyone else.

Same holds for a risky bank that keeps its profits (if there are any) or gets a (taxpayer funded) bailout if "profits are negative".