Second of which is `yield`, ruby's extremely powerful way of passing code to functions. In crystal, functions which take blocks are actually inlined, meaning that abstractions such as `3.times {}` or `5.upto(20, step: 5) { |i| ... }` have zero cost. For example, take a look at how simple the HTTP server example is on the crystal homepage. Very useful for building DSLs.
Macros are another powerful (but hopefully not overused) tool for building clean programs. Crystal macros receive AST nodes but return source code as text. This text is then compiled and placed inside the program. This may sound like it would have the disadvantages of C macros, but as they're more integrated into the language, the compiler can insert the generated AST of the compiled macro into the original AST in a clean way. Using "dumb" text templating has several advantages: it's really easy to use because you're essentially just writing crystal code, and it's powerful as you get access to the AST. It also has the advantage that it's actually quite hard to make large scale modifications to a method body, preventing a lot of the silly macro uses.