Many respectable sources estimate 35mm to approach 24MP in the best conditions with specific film, 120 to be in the 40-80MP range, and 4x5 to be 100-300MP.
Tim Parkin is one of the better commentators on this subject: http://www.sonyalpharumors.com/sony-36-megapixels-vs-6x7-vel...
To address some of your other points: good LF glass can approach 70/70/50 line pairs per mm which is still really good, diffraction doesn't affect resolution as much as some people think, and f11-f16 is the sweet spot on a lot of modern LF glass - you don't need long exposures with those apertures and Portra 400, for example.