If you're root, a local privilege escalation isn't going to get you any more privileges than you already have.
If you're root in a container, but not root on the outside system, you shouldn't be able to write to /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe, no?
If you're root in a container, but not root on the outside system, you shouldn't be able to write to /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe, no?
Disabling module loading is not reversible, you need to reboot.