Note that if you use a variable width font (and so you don't care much if >= has different width than ≥ ) you can simply use font-lock-add-keywords and map what you need. For example in JS you could use
(font-lock-add-keywords 'js2-mode '(
("=>" (0 `(face nil display "")))
(">=" (0 `(face nil display "≥")))
("<=" (0 `(face nil display "≤")))))
EDIT: It seems that HW doesn't really like U+27A1 ... :-)