You can still target for the screen size using CSS - you can even track changes by creating a css file with literally thousands of thousands of media queries, where each media query sets e.g. the background-image property of a hidden div.
Thanks to gzip compression, this shouldn't even take much data to transfer.
Oh, and as I think of it, would this here still work?
<a href="http://reddit.com"><span class="tracker" /></a>
a#mylink span.tracker { background-image: url(http://myservice.onion/track.php?uid=xxx&trackedsite=reddit.com); }