Don't know about Elm, but there's Bucklescript or Reason and they generate really great, readable JS for use on Node.

(And even on the front-end there's `bucklescript-tea`; a port of the Elm architecture to OCaml)

Honestly, if you don't want to use JS on the server side then you should not. There are plenty of very good alternatives.

I think Elm is to address the issue that JS is the only thing that runs in a browser. With that said, I suppose you could use it with Node as well.

It's not designed for it.

Some people do it, but it's a rough ride that need you to understand Elm's internals.