One follow-up question I'd like to see asked: how did the leadership at say, Xerox PARC and Bell Labs decide relatively consistently how to pick and choose which efforts to consistently fund? What markers were they looking for, what process did they use, or what were their thought processes? How did they decide to pull the plug on specific lines of inquiry (surely they didn't always pick all winning hands, so to speak)?
For example, Verizon and Comcast. Both rake in vast sums, but where is the fundamental research and contributions?? It appears that mostly gets folded into boring vertical business initiatives.
I suspect a key difference is that the old Bell Labs wasn't beholden to excessive Professional Project Management running the show and making sure everyone has their nose to the grindstone at all times.
I think that's true, and was also true to a greater or lesser extent in many of the other hotbeds of 20th century research -- perhaps including those embedded in more conventional companies (IBM Research and Xerox PARC both come to mind).
Short of being wealth enough to self-fund, are there any truly low-managerialism research places left today?
http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2012/07/24/xerox_parc_an...