I think there is nothing better than the book: Expert F#
https://www.amazon.de/Expert-F-4-0-Don-Syme/dp/1484207416/re...
I just found http://fsprojects.github.io/ProjectScaffold/structure.html, which is a good example of the kind of thing I'm interested in (ProjectScaffold in general, but that page in particular, which actually explains what everything in the project structure is for).