In the US, a lot of that sort of thing was cleaned up for E911 services. Rural cottages without mail delivery and houses on rural delivery routes were given street numbers. Not sure who did the assigning though.

Also, for example, roads that didn't actually connect in a navigable way in the middle were given different names as are roads with branches.

A similar issue to that in the article exists in the US--perhaps especially in the Northeast where there are lots of relatively small towns that connect to each other and restart numbers. (Though in New England, they do often change street names.)

[ADDED: Apparently they're assigned by local authorities in the US. [1]]

[1] https://ribbs.usps.gov/npfpresentations/documents/tech_guide...