Members of a species share most of their genetic material with each other, but there are known areas of high variability between individuals. So to build a specific individual's sequence, it seems like they take the baseline "human genome" data, and overlay the areas that are known to change.
> “As a matter of truth in advertising, the ‘finished’ sequence isn’t finished,” said Eric Lander, who led the lab at the Whitehead Institute that deciphered more of the genome for the government-funded Human Genome Project than any other. “I always say ‘finished’ is a term of art.”
The phrasing of your parent is arguably dismissive and does little to further substantive discussion. Can one meaningfully discuss "the human genome"? As you point out, each human (with the exception of identical twins) has a unique genome. I think it's reasonable and useful to be able to say "the human genome" as opposed to "the chimpanzee genome" or "the drosophila genome".
If one would rather insist on using the indefinite article, i.e., "a human genome", one can present it without resorting to a rhetorical question replete with scare quotes.
Did you mean each cell will have different gene expression ?
I thought all the cells have the same nucleotide sequences barring maybe occasional mutations (like in cancer)
Assuming each mutation is independent, etc, etc we get a back of the napkin via the binomial distribution with mean = n*p ~ 60 mutations per division.
However, that is for germline, somatic mutation rates are apparently 10-100x more more common: https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15183
These rates no doubt vary by cell type, environment, etc. I was actually thinking something like 1e-6 to 1e-10 mutations/bp/division.
Somatic mutations are just errors in genome duplication in somatic cell lines - i.e. not germ line. These accumulate over time and, yes, can be oncogenic. Many others simply have no consequence at all.
For many organisms, the germ line is 'sequestered' fairly early in development, in part to limit the number of replications needed, and thus errors that accumulate.