Interesting that there is a 1000x speed difference (0.1 vs 100 ms, in Chrome) between the shader and the JS/WebASM versions even with just Intel integrated graphics.
That kind of speed up isn't just a fluke here, it's pretty normal when your work aligns with what a GPU does best.
Still though, the potential for using GPUs to accelerate computations is high and I think too often overlooked by web developers, even those doing image processing.