Could you? I mean if my KSP knowledge is anything to go by, yes you could, but KSP isn't reality and I can imagine the rocket itself is already too heavy or doesn't have enough thrust / fuel to bring itself into orbit.
EDIT: But you can download the realistic solar system mod to get a sense of what real world thrust ratios and orbital delta-v is like. And Children of a Dead Earth has multi-body physics for Lagrange points and so on.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Envi...
Also, isn't US fond of using old ICBMs to launch military satellites?