The idea that the numbers are simple lat/lon coordinates (referring to a point in the Barents Sea) seems plausible ... although why the Russians would be transmitting something that openly and obviously is a little weird. Doubtless they have more secure communication channels for their Navy.

It's a bit surprising to me that nobody has been recording and archiving the station's transmissions until recently (besides, presumably, other nations' intelligence services); it's relatively simple compared to a lot of other projects, and obviously 'numbers stations' are something that fascinate a lot of geeks and radio enthusiasts.