"“Of 200,000 doctorates in science and engineering earned worldwide in 2010, about 33,000 were awarded by universities in the United States, China 31,000, Russia 16,000, Germany 12,000 and the United kingdom 11, 000,” says the report."
"But China leads the world when factoring in doctorates in the biological, physical, Earth, atmospheric, ocean and agricultural sciences and computer sciences."
"Also, in the United States only 57% of doctorates were earned by citizens and permanent residents, while temporary visa holders obtained the remainder." [1]
China's figures are likely higher now in 2018.
Note that there appears to be some quality issues that come with the acceleration of China's PhD production, although initiatives are being taken to reform the system. [2]
In the long run, the advantage of having an abundant number of STEM and CS graduates to recruit from may prove highly impactful, or even decisive, for many tech-based industries. To compete, the US needs to develop more local talent in STEM as well as attracting talent from abroad.
A focus on the very top-end by doing groundbreaking research, which the US has often excelled at, might also be necessary.
[1] http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=2014022...
[2] https://www.editage.com/insights/where-does-china-stand-in-t...