The feature is called "async DNS" and I believe queries both the system resolver and Google, and takes the first response.
https://superuser.com/questions/656938/does-chrome-use-a-dif...
https://superuser.com/questions/656938/does-chrome-use-a-dif...
I had host-based anti-Adverstising on my network and Chrome never bypasses it even though it should if it were going through Google DNS as well.