Colloquially known as the 80/20 rule, although those percentages aren't fixed, but it's the same idea.

It’s a power law distribution.

That 911 calls aren't actually evenly distributed throughout the population, but instead tend to come from people with bad health and lack of access to health care? I'd call it obvious.

I don't know how the distribution resembles wealth distribution; wealth distribution follows a power rule, because wealth is reflexive i.e. the more wealth, the faster the rate of wealth accumulation.

Normal distribution