Nope, given our current theories time travel is practically impossible. On the other hand we know that chaotic systems are functions and that matrices can approximate any function.
I'm not sure what point you're trying to make. Matrices only perform linear transformations, so matrices only approximate functions linearly, which in general, is a terrible approximation globally.
I mean, there might be a case where we will finally get to the point where we are just "good enough" at measuring the boundary conditions to predict weather for the next year, but it has got nothing to do with obtaining the knowledge about chaotic systems themselves.