Is there a write up that explains what the technologies are that you mentioned in your post? LOAS, L1 GFE, L2 GFE, ... never heard of those
GFE (Google Front End) is what you connect to when you access any Google services through your browser. Think nginx or even ELB. It's a load balancing reverse proxy, as well as WAF. It's mentioned here https://cloud.google.com/security/infrastructure/design/ and probably in the SRE book. This report might be the first time Google mentions in public that there can be two levels of GFEs, but I remember at least one service using such a setup many, many years ago.