The answer is pretty simple. Gold was predicted to be whitish looking, like Platinium, based on the physics of the time. But due to a phenomenon unknown at the time (relativity) it was gold. That is how we know our minds don't create reality. We seem to live in a universe of consequence, not a dream. There are things we don't understand that we come to figure out, not the other way around.
On the other hand, if by "how would we know?" you mean the fundamental unknowability of everything, yes I agree with you. But as Russel said, "it's boring to stop there" so let's just park that observation and continue on. In this way, philosophy mirrors theology. You take some things by faith and you get on with your life.
I'm pretty sure gold was well known long before predicting the colors of as-yet-unobserved metals based on any kind of physics.
Therefore, the theory was not quite right, and naturalists of the time could conclude that their model was incomplete. I don't think anyone was ever doubting the true color of gold.
http://art.yale.edu/file_columns/0000/0066/borges.pdf
(It's the short story Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius by Borges.)