> Are people taught that in schools or something? Because I personally can't classify those sounds, don't know these names, and I'm not sure how I was supposed to learn them, other by playing in a band.

This is something that is taught at schools with a music program. (Although, not necessarily discretely).

If you are someone whom has played music before, it is easy to forget what music sounded like before your ear was trained. (i.e. certain instruments and harmonies can be indistinguishable without training)

Is it common to have never played on at a drum kit in your entire life?