I would call many of these "music formats" rather than audio formats. Those punch cards and MIDI etc. don't actually represent audio at all. Even a deaf person could read and appreciate those.
> The compact cassette technology was originally designed for dictation machines, but improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant the Stereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel tape recording in most non-professional applications.