In the USA and most developed countries, we already do have a "proof of a chain of ownership". And, we've had it for hundreds of years. For example, the title deeds and transfer of title documents saved at the county courthouse.
The issue is whether the so-called "proof" is : authentic or forged, and/or conflicting with other prior claims. (E.g, is the title transfer document faked? Are the signatures from the real owners? Was the previous person who transferred the title the actual rightful owner?)
Ultimately, "proof" of ownership is a social consensus that sorts out the claims and converges on agreement of who owns what. (I made a previous comment about this.[1])
You might notice that "proof" is recursive: if we "prove" that the "proof" was valid, how do we know that proof is valid? Well, things like "title insurance" and/or a court case with a judge/jury to render a final judgement is the process to break that infinite cycle of "proof of proofs".