It's mostly the same on windows (you needed hyper-v or virtualbox to run docker) but they are making efforts to run containers natively. Not sure how far they got with that.
In the end if you want the best performance with minimum resource usage you need a Linux OS
There are a reasonable number of Windows container images on Docker hub, although nothing like the volume of linux ones.
[0] http://www.solidalm.com/2017/03/06/deep-dive-into-windows-se...
The dream is that maybe one day WSL will fully support Linux containers without a vm, but I will be amazed if they can pull that off.
Emulating Linux-level container APIs is also possible in principle.
As I remember you couldn't have windows and linux containers running at the same time so you needed to flip a switch in the docker config to chose one.
I general I'm a linux guy but it would be really cool if they can get to a point in which you can run both windows and linux containers at the same time.
the WSL with Linux containers apparently does work with the latest insider builds...