From looking at high_level.h it can instantiate any wasm file, but it seems to need the host code specially integrated. There is a function to instantiate the emscripten runtime, probably code can be added to instantiate the go or rust runtimes.
Emscripten provides a libc; I wondered if it required it. I guess not.
I think you may want to reassess your definition of what a runtime is ;)
> "crt" stands for "C runtime", and the zero stands for "the very beginning".
[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crt0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_library ]
Yup. C definitely has a runtime!