Two ways in which that could be so is -
Your society succumbs to accumulative negative side affects that lead to a civilization scale heart attack. Pollution, barbarians, (lack of) land reform, diversity zoo taxing coordination ability.
Your society is too rigorous at its maintenance - initially hypersuccessful but becomes overtaken by competitors that managed to bottle enough chaos to produce improvement without falling apart. Analogy being a very clean human would have an unhealthy immune system or homogenous microbiome - making them susceptible. China might be the archetype.
Were either of these what you had in mind? Both include predation but are almost at odds. The main idea might be that a society needs to exercise in many different ways to have a high adaptability score but not too much. This is in the zip code of what David Krakauer (complex systems theory) seems to worry about too. He seems to suggest that we should be teaching children and ourselves lots of useless skills (reading the classics?) because they could exercise our brains in productive ways - that the use of technology to replace human cognition can be a trap.