For the same reason, tracks generally end up doing more damage than wheels: you get somewhat less damage while going through the row, but they touch/damage far more ground when turning and that adds up.
For the same reason, tracks generally end up doing more damage than wheels: you get somewhat less damage while going through the row, but they touch/damage far more ground when turning and that adds up.
The effect of large tires vs small tires vs tracks vs feet is insignificant and irrelevant, it's a rounding error compared to the effect of whether those tires/tracks will be pulling a plow/till or not.
Soil displacement is a function of machine weight AND surface area of tires/treads. Additionally, I'd expect the sharp edges of steel treads to disturb soil much worse than a similarly-weighted tractor with rubber tires.
Without doing extensive calculations, my anecdotal evidence is that I've seen bulldozer track "scars" from a single path that are decades old, while the damage from thousands of bicycles collectively veering from a paved path onto grass appears to heal itself in a year or two.
A single track every 30 meters where nothing grows is less impact on the overall field's growth than 30 tracks every meter where things still grow but not as well.
Figure 3 on page 279 explains it. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224830979_Ecoeffici...
The reason I thought 1000 psi was low is explained on 278, the ground bearing capacity columns minimum value is 20 mpa or 2900 psi. The numbers in your link are dynamic pressures at depths of 14 / 28 inches. The area where the force is applied increases as the stress is distributed in the soil. The 2900 is a surface value.