Weight of the vehicle is a bad measure. It just leads to bigger cars and effectively worse mileage as can be seen in Europe where weight is factored in. Weight is a bad predictor of what use you get out of a car
Road damage is proportional to axel weight to the fourth power. A 1 ton axel should pay 16 times as much for road repair as a 0.5 ton axel.
However someone driving a 3500lb Merc e-class for below average 10,000 miles a year would have to pay 4.5c/mile or $450
Buy an F150 or Tesla S class at 4500lb for 10,000 miles a year, you'd pay 12c/mile, or $1200.
Then add say 40 cents a gallon to gas tax (in the UK gas tax + sales tax on that gas tax is 314c per gallon) to combat the effects of burning gas, and you get a cost per mile of
nissan versa (31mpg) -- 2.3c/mile
Merc e-class (25mpg) -- 6c/mile
F150 (22mpg) -- 13.8c/mile
Tesla S class - 12c/mile
nissan versa (31mpg) -- 11c/mile
Merc e-class (25mpg) -- 17c/mile
F150 (22mpg) -- 26c/mile
Tesla S class - 12c/mile