A lot of the top tier schools like Harvard provide a very fair financial aid package structure, so no, it isn't a joint effort. It is a myth that most students can't avoid high tuition costs. SUNY schools are very cheap for in state. There is always the route of spending 2 years in community college and then transferring to your state school. That is a very successful model in New Jersey.
The problem is many kids want a luxurious college lifestyle where they do a little work, play a lot of beer pong, and live in nice dorms. Our student loan structure allows for some bad actors to take advantage of this.