Invalidating conclusions: not particularly; these results suggest that under rare circumstances (in a few sorts of mitochondrial disease), mitochondria can be transmitted paternally. It makes the matrilineal model slightly less definitive, but, overwhelming often, accurate (note that people with mitochondrial diseases rarely exhibit this feature, and are less likely to reproduce anyway due to the disease).

Single Eve: still holds; given the small population size of humans in the past, at some point there was a female ancestral to us all, as other lineages would have stochastically died out.

Human dispersal and Neanderthal-modern human crosses: both have been examined via autosomal DNA. Reconstructions of dispersal may be skewed in the following manner: since we use X- Y- and mtDNA to look as sex ratios of admixture events (such as in modern Caribbean populations, where there is more European male influence and African/Native American female contribution), our reconstruction may be skewed by these selection due to incompatibilities. We expect there to have been some incompatibilities between modern humans and Neanderthals/Denisovans—no doubt some were mitochondrial. But autosomal DNA bears the evidence of our admixture. Likely some lineages (including those with prehistoric-human mt- and Y-DNA) were lost, either due to selection, stochasticity, or likely, both.