In my country (France) you would loose your driving license for up to 3 years, pay a hefty fine between 1500 and 4000 euros, have your car confiscated and might even go to jail for a few months if you're a repeat offender.
The US tends to have much more lax laws than Europe when it comes to minimum punishment but reserves the right to screw people hard if it wants.
In most states if the cop doesn't like something about you they can make 20-over (which BTW is normal traffic speed on a lot of highways when they aren't clogged with traffic) a misdemeanor which can carry all sorts of penalties if the prosecutor wants to throw the book. There's also "catch-all" violations that are vaguely worded that they can nab your for even if you're doing nothing (at which point it's basically up to the court to decide WTF to do).
I would guess the penalty might range from an expensive ticket all the way up to several months in jail with fines on top. Depends on where in the US you get caught.