It's obviously not as comprehensive as compiled or strictly-typed languages, but you can use "php -l" as a linter to catch obvious parsing/syntax bugs. I use this script to check our whole codebase before deployment:

> find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -P8 php -l | grep -v "No syntax errors detected"

PHP Static Analysis Tool (https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan) is pretty good at surfacing that kind of thing.

PHP 7 has type hints and a strict mode. Probably as close as you're going to get. It prevents execution from the interpreter.