See:
https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qgraphicsview.html
https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qgraphicsscene.html
https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/examples-graphicsview.html
Take a look at the types of applications they used for the examples. It'd be a good solution for something like a CAD layout widget, or maybe a maps widget. You use it together with Qt Widgets or Qt Quick, not instead of it.
Qt Quick 1 was based on QGraphicsScene / QGraphicsView. Qt Quick 2 was created because they couldn't achieve the performance they wanted (60 fps animations on mobile basically) with the QPainter API and QGraphicsScene.
It still has its uses for technical apps I would say - I personnally use it for the main view of ossia score (https://ossia.io) and am able to get 120 fps with thousands of elements on a 4k screen... so I'm not too stressed about it :-)