online resources for "free" exist..
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20557533
and you should know how to identify components by reading thier numbers and looking up the WhitePaper, the instruction manual for the component. here is a handy place
you should have a firm grasp on Ohms law https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_law
and Kirchoffs circuit laws https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff%27s_circuit_laws
It is essential to be able to use these laws along with knowledge/whitepapers of components, so you can predict or explain what is happening at any point in a simple circuit, or a big network of simple ciruits. And thats another thing, no matter how ^intricate^ a PC board looks, its made up of simpler circuits interacting with each other, for example identify the power supply and conditioning section, from the rest of the device circuitry lookup the parts for thier properties, make measurements, compare the measurements to what is expected from white papers and calculations.
there are rules for different types of technology regarding the current voltage and noise allowed.
basically you have resistors capacitors inductors then you have diodes transistors SCRs and other junctions and then you get into ICS such as analog amplifiers transducers of all sorts. then logic and digital electronics such as bus master controllers, or programmable IDEs