Nope. WhatsApp requires an Android, IOS, or Windows smartphone. WhatsApp is not a protocol you can freely implement, its a piece of proprietary software you have to install. No third-party clients.
Your carrier just provides you access to the SMS/RCS network, they have no control what software you use to access it.
I still use SMS almost exclusively for the simple reason that it is standard—except for group messages, for which I use Signal.
I can only speak as an American, but sending an SMS to Europe costs 20¢ on my plan. Hardly astronomical, especially considering that when SMS was new, it cost 50¢-$1.00 per message.
I might have sent 100 short messages just to my mother this month. That would be $20 just for talking to one person. Last time I had a UK phone contract I was paying £13 for unlimited data.
Yes, 20 cents is astronomical.
I wouldn’t dream of communicating the same way if messages weren’t “free” (i.e. part of your internet fee)
I say this as someone with “most of my friends” living in other countries at any given time.