Just a side note: the reference to 1997 seems to be making the point that Lisp has such a long history that a paper about it might be from as far back as 1997. In fact, Lisp was designed and described by McCarthy in 1959 (http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-008.pdf). Lisp was basically a practical software version of the mathematical lambda calculus of Alonzo Church (“The Calculi of Lambda Conversion” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus) as first(?) described in his 1936 paper “An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory” (https://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/teaching/inf212W12/readings/c...). This was apparently related to the Church–Turing thesis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church–Turing_thesis) but that is way beyond my intellectual depth, so I am not sure.