If you were trying WinForms, the designer does not yet work for .NET Core apps. The WPF designer is supposed to work with .NET Core, but there was a bug in it in the first VS release that might have been the cause of your issue[0].
I also had problems doing anything other than toy WPF projects. IMO the .NET Core support for the GUI frameworks is not ready for prime time. Building GUI apps in .NET Framework is still a great experience though.
[0] https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/...