One fascinating difference between Estonia and Norway is that Norway doesn't have a digital ID card - we instead use a government single sign-on platform for vetted private login provider companies.

The vast majority of people use BankID, a login system run by a consortium of most banks.

It used to require a cumbersome 2FA device, but for the last 5 years it has also been available as a Sim Toolkit App, so most use that now.

The way it works is pretty cool, you just type your SSN in a login form and immediately a popup window with a word based 2FA appears on your phone.

Seems like less of a hassle to just use your phone than the Estonian system with a physical card reader.